Afiksos (Affixes)

A prefix is an affix which is placed before the stem of a word. A prefix is called a preformative, because it alters the form of the words to which it is affixed.

• antaw-: fore, before.
      brako=arm,  antawbrako=forearm
• dis-: on the contrary.
      biga=big,  disbiga=small
      bela=beautiful,  disbela=ugly
• sen-: without.
      lima=limited,  senlima=unlimited
• ne-: not.
      necesa=necessary,  nenecesa=unnecessary
• ek-: begin.
      worki=work,  ekworki=begin to work
• eks-: former.
      urbestro=mayor,  eksurbestro=former mayor
• re-: again.
      legi=read,vrelegi=reread
• mis-: not correct.
      kompreni=understand,  miskompreni=misunderstand
• bo-: kinship.
      filulo=son,vbofilulo=son-in-law
      patro=father,  bopatro=father-in-law
• mal-: bad.
      insekto=insect,  malinsekto=bad insect
      trakti=treat,  maltrakti=maltreat
• step-: successor.
      patro=father,  steppatro=stepfather
• pra-: ancient.
      humo=human,   prahumo=ancestor
• pre-: previous.
      matura=mature,  prematura=premature
• vis-: vice.
      prezidento=president,  visprezidento=vice-president

Suffixes

A suffix is a particle that is placed at the end of the words to make others with related meanings. In Mondlango we use plenty of suffixes since, by remembering one word, we can form many others.

• -ac-: thing.
      manji=eat,  manjaco=food
      havi=have,  havaco=belongings
• -ad-: repition of action. lerni=learn, lernado=learning 
• -an-: member.
      Ameriko=America,  Amerikano=an American
      urbo=city,  urbano=citizen
• -ar-: collection.
      humo=human,  humaro=mankind
      arbo=tree,  arbaro=forest
• -er-: a part of.
      nivo=snow,  nivero=snowflake.
      pluvo=rain,  pluvero=raindrop
• -ey-: place.
      libro=book,  libreyo=bookshop
      worki=work,  workeyo=factory
• -ec-: character.
      amiko=friend,  amikeco=friendship
• -or-: human.
      yuna=young,  yunoro=youth
      eduki=teach,  edukoro=teacher
• -ul-: male.
      kido=child,  kidulo=boy
      bovo=ox,  bovulo=bull
• -in-: female.
      kido=child,  kidino=girl
      bovo=ox,  bovino=cow
• -ism-: doctrine.
      Budo=Budha,  Budismo=Budhism
      ibero=liberty,  liberismo=liberalism
• -ist-: person of -ism.
      sienco=science,  siencisto=scientist
• -id-: offspring.
      kingo=king,  kingido=prince.
      koko=fowl,  kokido=chicken
• -il-: tool.
      ludi=play,  ludilo=plaything
• -ing-: container, tube
• -iz-: to make become.
      pura=clean,  purizi=to clear.
      moderna=modern,  modernizi=modernize
• -is-: to become.
      tago=day,  tagisi=daybreak
• -ix-: having the qualities associated with.
      wayta=white,  waytixa=whitish
• -eg-: big.
      domo=house,  domego=mansion
• -et-: small.
      lafi=laugh,  lafeti=smile.
      rivo=river,  riveto=stream
• -uy-: container.
       bani=bathe,  banuyo=bathing tub
• -ub-: position.
      sidi=sit,  sidubo=seat.
      prezidento=president,  prezidentubo=presidency
• -ind-: worthy.
      lovi=love,  lovinda=lovable
• -ebl-: capable,possible.
      legi=read,  legebla=legible.
      awdi=hear,  awdebla=audible
• -oz-: full.
      kromo=color,  kromoza=colorful
• -od-: -like.
      kido=child,  kidoda=childlike.
      selo=cell,  seloda=cellular
• -em-: tendency.
      eksplodi=explode,  eksplodema=explosive.
      parli=talk,  parlema=talkative.
• -um-: It is used to form words that have a relation with the root and cannot be expressed with any other suffix:
      yero=year,  yerumo=years old.
      goldo=gold,  goldumi=gild

Note:

1. -orulo and -anulo may be abbreviated to -ulo.
For example:
    edukulo=edukorulo (man teacher), Cinulo=Cinanulo (Chinese man).

2. -orino and -anino may be abbreviated to -ino.
For example:
    edukino=edukorino (woman teacher), Cinino=Cinanino (Chinese woman).